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As a field of science, works in biology are generally cited using APA (American Psychological Association) citations. Some professors may require you to cite your sources using CSE (Council of Science Editors) style. Both will be discussed in this libgude.
For more information on other citation styles, see our library research libguide.
Publication Manual (OFFICIAL) 7th Edition of the American Psychological Association
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The Concise APA Handbook (7th Edition)
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APA/MLA Guidelines
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Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers
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Cite Right: A Quick Guide to Citation Styles--MLA, APA, Chicago, the Sciences, Professions, and More (2nd Ed.)
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Academic Writing
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The Elements of Academic Style
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Stylish Academic Writing
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To evaluate a website (or any source you encounter), use the following criteria:
Currency
1. When was the page created and/or updated?
2. Do the links on the page work?
3. Does your topic require current information?
Relevance
1. Does the information relate to your topic?
2. Who is the intended audience? Is the level too elementary or advanced for your needs?
3. Do the links lead to other reputable sites?
Authority
1. What type of organization published this site? (.edu, .gov, .org, .com).
2. Who is the author, publisher or source? Is there contact information?
3. Is the author qualified to write on this topic?
Accuracy
1. Where does the information come from? Has it been reviewed (Peer reviewed)?
2. Is the information supported by evidence? Can you verify it in another source?
3. Are there spelling, grammar or typing errors?
Purpose
1. Always ask, why was this written and for whom.
2. Is the purpose of this site to teach, inform, entertain, sell or persuade?
3. Is the information factual, opinion or propaganda, objective or impartial?
4. Are there political, religious, cultural, ideological or personal biases?
5. Is advertising clearly differentiated from the informational content?
Use this worksheet to evaluate sources.